
Type:GoatIgG
Applications:WB
E=ELISA;FACS;FC=FlowCytometry;FPLC=FastProteinLiquidChromatography;GF=GravityFlow;HPLC=HighPerformanceLiquidChromatography;ICC=Immunocytochemistry;IF=Immunofluorescence;IHC=Immunohistochemistry;IP=Immunoprecipitation;NAC=Non-adherentCellAssays;NB=NeutralizationofBioactivity;SE=SandwichELISA;TPE=TargetedProteinExpression;WB=Westernblotting;;AC=AdherentCellAssays;FM=FluorescentMicsroscopy;;;BSC-CM5=BiacoreSensorChipCM5;BSM=BiosactiveSmallMoleculeorPeptide;CDM=CellDifferentiationMedia;;;;;;HealthandFitness;;;DNAExtraction/Purification;;InvivoLikeAssaysSpeciesReactivity:H
B=Bovine;Ca=Cat;Ch=Chicken;D=Dog;EQ=Equine;GP=GuineaPig;H=Human;M=Mouse;P=Porcine;Pr=Primate;R=Rat;Rb=Rabbit;Y=Yeast;Xe=Xenopus;Ze=Zebrafish;;;;NA-NotApplicable;STP=Step-TactinProteins;AllFormat:Wholeserum-liquid
Immunogen:4-Hydroxynonenalprotein

TheperoxidationofmembranelipidsbyfreerADIcalsisawell-controlled,ongoingprocessthatoccurswithnormalcellturnoverandthenormalagingprocess.Thereisalsotheuncontrolledprocessoffreeradicalproductionandincreasedlipidperoxidationthatisassociatedwithhepaticinjuryasaconsequenceofexposuretohalogenatedhydrocarbons,excessivealcoholabuse,andacuteorchronicironoverload.Excessfreeradicalproductionandlipidperoxidationisthoughttobeanetiologicalfactorinsuchdiseasesasatherosclerosis,diabetes,genetichemochromatosis,cancerandneurodegenerativediseases,suchasAlzheimer’sandParkinson’sdisease.
Image:WesternblotofagedcontrolandAlzheimerbrainhomogenatesusinga1:3,000dilutionof4-HNEantibody.
4-Hydroxynonenal(HNE)isahighlyreactive,cytotoxicaldehydethatisreleasedduringtheoxidationofo-6-unsaturatedfattyacids.HNEcanefficientlyreactwithsulfhydrylgroupsorhistidineandlysinegroupsofproteinstoformstableHNE-proteinadducts,inadditiontophospholipidsandnucleicacids.ItisthroughthisHNE-modificationofbiomoleculesthatHNEisthoughttoexertitscytotoxiceffects.Thismultifunctionalmoleculemaybeconsideredasa“secondtoxicmessenger,”whichdisseminatesandaugmentsinitialfreeradicalevents.ItisbelievedtobelargelyresponsIBLeforthecytopathologicaleffectsobservedduringoxidativestress.Highlevelsof4-HNEhavebeendetectedinalargenumberofdiseasestates,indicatingsomeinvolvementofthisaldehydeintheirpathogenesis.Someoftheprominentpathobiochemicaleffectsof4-HNEareitsstimulationoffibrogenesisandinflammation,thusindicatingapotentialcontributiontothepathogenesisofseveralchronicdiseases,theprogressionofwhichissupportedbyinflammatoryreactionsandcharacterizedbyfibrosis.4-HNEmayalsoplayaroleincarcinogenesisduetoitsABIlitytomodulatecellproliferationthroughinterferencewiththeactivityofcyclinsandproteinkinasesandwiththeapoptoticresponse.