>
产品中心 >
Functional_antibody >
Neuromics/TNF-alpha Mouse Sandwich ELISA Kit/ELM-TNFalpha-001/1 Plate Kit
Type:Kit
Applications:E
E=ELISA;FACS;FC=FlowCytometry;FPLC=FastProteinLiquidChromatography;GF=GravityFlow;HPLC=HighPerformanceLiquidChromatography;ICC=Immunocytochemistry;IF=Immunofluorescence;IHC=Immunohistochemistry;IP=Immunoprecipitation;NAC=Non-adherentCellAssays;NB=NeutralizationofBioactivity;SE=SandwichELISA;TPE=TargetedProteinExpression;WB=Westernblotting;;AC=AdherentCellAssays;FM=FluorescentMicsroscopy;;;BSC-CM5=BiacoreSensorChipCM5;BSM=BiosactiveSmallMoleculeorPeptide;CDM=CellDifferentiationMedia;;;;;;HealthandFitness;;;DNAExtraction/Purification;;InvivoLikeAssaysSpeciesReactivity:M
B=Bovine;Ca=Cat;Ch=Chicken;D=Dog;EQ=Equine;GP=GuineaPig;H=Human;M=Mouse;P=Porcine;Pr=Primate;R=Rat;Rb=Rabbit;Y=Yeast;Xe=Xenopus;Ze=Zebrafish;;;;NA-NotApplicable;STP=Step-TactinProteins;All
Sensitive,SpecificandCostEffective
TNF-alpha(tumornecrosisfactor-a)issecretedbymacrophages,monocytes,neutrophils,T-cells,NK-cellsfollowingtheirstimulationbybacteriallipopolysaccharides.HumanTNF-alphaisanon-glycosylatedproteinof17.5kDaandalengthof157aminoacid.TNF-alphashowsawidespectrumofBIOLOGicalactivities.Itcausescytolysisandcytostasisofmanytumorcellinesinvitro.WithinhoursafterinjectionTNF-alphaleadstothedestructionofsmallbloodvesselswithinmalignanttumors.TNF-alphaalsoenhancesphagocytosisandcytotoxicityinneutrophilicgranulocytesandalsomodulatestheexpressionofmanyotherproteins.Ingeneral,TNF-alphaandTNF-betadisplaysimilarspectraofbiologicalactivitiesinvitrosystemsalthoughTNF-betaisoftenlesspotentordisplaysapparentpartialagoNISTactivity.
Figure:InductionofproinflammatorycytokinesisattenuatedinCX3CL1−/−miceexpressingsFKN.TNFαandIL-1βconcentrationsweremeasuredusingstandardELISAtechniquesforVMlysates.a,TNFαconcentrationswereupregulatedfollowingMPTPadministration(three-wayANOVA;F(1,23)=18.36,★★★p<0.001).Comparatively,CX3CL1−/−miceexpressingsFKNintheSNpchadsignificantlylowerconcentrationsofTNFαrelativetomFKN(Tukey"sHSD;***p<0.001)andGFP(Tukey"sHSD;###p<0.001)expressingmice.TherewerenosignificantdifferencesbetweensFKNandWT-MPTP(Tukey"sHSD;p=0.384)ormFKNandGFP(Tukey"sHSD;p=0.773).b,TheIL-1βconcentrationsintheVMweresignificantlyupregulatedformiceexposedtoMPTP(three-wayANOVA;F(1,23)=11.97,★★★p=0.002).SimilartothepatternofTNFα,IL-1βconcentrationsinCX3CL1−/−miceexpressingsFKNweresignificantlybluntedcomparedtobothmFKN(Tukey"sHSD;***p=0.001)andGFP(Tukey"sHSD;###p<0.001).AswasobservedwithTNFα,therewerenosignificantdifferencesinIL-1βconcentrationsbetweenWT-MPTPandsFKN(Tukey"sHSD;p=0.785)ormFKNandGFP(Tukey"sHSD;p=0.845)expressingmice.Dataarepresentedasthemean±SEM.TheJournalofNeuroscience, 17October2012, 32(42): 14592-14601; doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0539-12.2012.
SuggestedApplication:QuantitativeProteinDetection;EstablishingNormalRange;ValidationofAntibodyArrayResults.
Figure:BoxplotoftheserumIL-6levelintheRApatientsandcontrolaccordingtotheIL-6(−174G/C)promoterpolymorphismtype.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejr.2012.11.002
